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<title>Kenneth Snowman</title>

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</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Kenneth Snowman</div><div class="honorific-suffix" style="font-size: 77%; font-weight: normal;">CBE FSA</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="infobox-caption">Kenneth Snowman, 1919–2002.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Abraham Kenneth Snowman</div><br><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1919-07-26</span>)</span>26 July 1919<br><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="Hampstead" title="Hampstead">Hampstead</a>, London, England</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">9 July 2002<span style="display:none">(2002-07-09)</span> (aged 82)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Burial place</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="Willesden_United_Synagogue_Cemetery" class="mw-redirect" title="Willesden United Synagogue Cemetery">Willesden United Synagogue Cemetery</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="University_College_School" title="University College School">University College School</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Saint_Martin's_School_of_Art" title="Saint Martin's School of Art">Saint Martin's School of Art</a><br><a href="Byam_Shaw_School_of_Art" title="Byam Shaw School of Art">Byam Shaw School of Art</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation(s)</th><td class="infobox-data role">Jeweller, painter, and the chairman of <a href="Wartski" title="Wartski">Wartski</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1298804929">

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<div class="marriage-display-inline"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">Sallie Moghilevkine</div>

<div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1942; died 1995)<wbr></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Nicholas_Snowman" title="Nicholas Snowman">Nicholas Snowman</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parents</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">

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</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="Emanuel_Snowman" title="Emanuel Snowman">Emanuel Snowman</a> (father)</li><li>Harriet Wartski (mother)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Relatives</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Jacob_Snowman" title="Jacob Snowman">Jacob Snowman</a> (uncle)<br><a href="Isaac_Snowman" title="Isaac Snowman">Isaac Snowman</a> (uncle)</td></tr></tbody></table>

<p><b>Abraham Kenneth Snowman</b> <a href="Order_of_the_British_Empire" title="Order of the British Empire">CBE</a> <a href="Society_of_Antiquaries_of_London" title="Society of Antiquaries of London">FSA</a> (26 July 1919 – 9 July 2002) was a British jeweller, painter and the chairman of <a href="Wartski" title="Wartski">Wartski</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Guardian_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guardian-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was made a Fellow of the <a href="Society_of_Antiquaries_of_London" title="Society of Antiquaries of London">Society of Antiquaries of London</a> in 1994, and a Commander of the <a href="Order_of_the_British_Empire" title="Order of the British Empire">Order of the British Empire</a> in 1997.<sup id="cite_ref-Guardian_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guardian-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2></div>

<p>Snowman was born in Hampstead, London, one of three children of the jeweller <a href="Emanuel_Snowman" title="Emanuel Snowman">Emanuel Snowman</a> and his wife Harriet Wartski, daughter of Morris Wartski, the founder of the <a href="Wartski" title="Wartski">Wartski</a> art and antiques firm. His family was Jewish and originally came from Poland.<sup id="cite_ref-Palgrave_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Palgrave-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Telegraph_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Telegraph-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Snowman was educated at <a href="University_College_School" title="University College School">University College School</a>, Hampstead.<sup id="cite_ref-Palgrave_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Palgrave-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kenneth's father made regular trips to the Soviet Union, acquiring a total of nine <a href="Faberg%C3%A9_egg" title="Fabergé egg">Fabergé eggs</a> between 1925 and 1938,<sup id="cite_ref-Habsburg_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Habsburg-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which Kenneth played with as a child.<sup id="cite_ref-Telegraph_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Telegraph-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He then studied at <a href="Saint_Martin's_School_of_Art" title="Saint Martin's School of Art">Saint Martin's School of Art</a> and the <a href="Byam_Shaw_School_of_Art" title="Byam Shaw School of Art">Byam Shaw School of Art</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Guardian_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guardian-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Artistic_career">Artistic career</h2></div>

<p>Snowman painted throughout his life, exhibiting at the <a href="Royal_Academy" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Academy">Royal Academy</a>, the <a href="Paris_Salon" class="mw-redirect" title="Paris Salon">Paris Salon</a> and the Leicester galleries. In September 1999, there was a retrospective exhibition of his work in Cork Street, London, at the dealers Browse and Darby. The painter Peter Greenham was a lifelong friend.<sup id="cite_ref-Guardian_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guardian-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Snowman was highly critical of trends in modern art towards <a href="Conceptual_art" title="Conceptual art">conceptualism</a> and away from <a href="Figurative_art" title="Figurative art">figurative art</a>. In his 1993 chapter in <i>Fabergé: Imperial Jeweller</i> he railed against "fraudulent jumbles of brushstrokes and meaningless heaps of rubbish left on the gallery floor to be admired by the simple minded". He was optimistic, however, that the pendulum was now swinging the other way towards respect for "anything that shows evidence of work well done", for instance the work of highly skilled craftsmen working for Fabergé, <a href="Lalique" title="Lalique">Lalique</a> and <a href="Cartier_(jeweler)" title="Cartier (jeweler)">Cartier</a>. Snowman acknowledged, however, that the work of Fabergé, for instance, could seem over-ornate and was not always to the modern taste. He made no comment regarding the cost of such items.<sup id="cite_ref-Snowman_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Snowman-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Wartski_career">Wartski career</h2></div>

<p>In 1940, after he married, Snowman entered the family business, rather than pursuing a career as an artist. Like his father, he was an enthusiastic dealer in the works of <a href="Carl_Faberg%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Carl Fabergé">Carl Fabergé</a>, and wrote a number of scholarly yet accessible books and catalogues on the subject, largely connected with the 1949 and 1953 exhibitions he arranged at Wartski.<sup id="cite_ref-Guardian_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guardian-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also organised the major Fabergé exhibitions at the <a href="Victoria_and_Albert_Museum" title="Victoria and Albert Museum">Victoria and Albert Museum</a> in London in 1977, and at the <a href="Cooper-Hewitt_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Cooper-Hewitt Museum">Cooper-Hewitt Museum</a> in New York in 1983.<sup id="cite_ref-JDJ_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JDJ-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Snowman was a friend of the novelist <a href="Ian_Fleming" title="Ian Fleming">Ian Fleming</a>, and is one of the few people to appear as himself in a <a href="James_Bond" title="James Bond">James Bond</a> story, <a href="The_Property_of_a_Lady" class="mw-redirect" title="The Property of a Lady">The Property of a Lady</a>, and the only one with an important role.<sup id="cite_ref-Telegraph_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Telegraph-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The story was first published in a <a href="Sotheby's" title="Sotheby's">Sotheby's</a> publication, <i>The Ivory Hammer</i>, in 1963 and later in the Fleming short story collection <i>Octopussy and The Living Daylights</i>. Fleming writes: "James Bond asked for Mr Kenneth Snowman. A good-looking, very well-dressed man of about forty rose from a group of men..." There is then a lengthy discussion about the Fabergé "Emerald Sphere" that is due to be auctioned the next day at Sotheby's and Snowman comments "We've got some pieces here my father bought from the Kremlin around 1927".<sup id="cite_ref-Octopussy_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Octopussy-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>The story also forms the basis for the 1983 film <i><a href="Octopussy" title="Octopussy">Octopussy</a></i>, where a <a href="Faberg%C3%A9_egg" title="Fabergé egg">Fabergé egg</a> plays an important role, but Snowman's role there is conflated with another and becomes the character Jim Fanning, played by <a href="Douglas_Wilmer" title="Douglas Wilmer">Douglas Wilmer</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Palgrave_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Palgrave-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the film, prior to the auction of the Fabergé egg, Bond visits the Wartski shop, then at 138 Regent Street, where Snowman/Fanning explains the history of Carl Fabergé's work, and then goes with Bond to the sale at Sotheby's.<sup id="cite_ref-Telegraph_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Telegraph-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2></div>

<p>Snowman married Sallie Moghilevkine in 1942, they remained married until her death in 1995. They had a son, <a href="Nicholas_Snowman" title="Nicholas Snowman">Nicholas Snowman</a>, co-chairman of Wartski since 1998–2002, and chairman since then.<sup id="cite_ref-Guardian_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guardian-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Telegraph_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Telegraph-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Selected_publications">Selected publications</h2></div>

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</style><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>The Art of Carl Fabergé</i>. 1953.</cite></li>

<li><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Eighteenth Century Gold Boxes of Europe</i>. 1966.</cite></li>

<li><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Eighteenth Century Gold Boxes of Paris: A Catalogue of the J. Ortiz-Patino Collection</i>. 1974.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFSnowman1979" class="citation book cs1">Snowman, Abraham Kenneth (1979). <i>Carl Fabergé, Goldsmith to the Imperial Court of Russia</i>. <a href="Viking_Press" title="Viking Press">Viking Press</a>. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>0670204862</bdi>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFSnowman1993" class="citation book cs1">Snowman, Abraham Kenneth (1993). <i>Fabergé Lost and Found</i>. <a href="H._N._Abrams" class="mw-redirect" title="H. N. Abrams">H. N. Abrams</a>. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>0810933071</bdi>.</cite></li>

<li><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>The Master Jewellers</i>. 2002.</cite></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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<li id="cite_note-Guardian-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Guardian_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Guardian_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Guardian_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Guardian_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Guardian_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Guardian_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFMullaly2002" class="citation news cs1">Mullaly, Terence (1 August 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/news/2002/aug/01/guardianobituaries.arts">"Kenneth Snowman"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 May</span> 2014</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Palgrave-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Palgrave_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Palgrave_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Palgrave_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFRubinsteinJolles,_Michael_A.Rubinstein,_Hilary_L.2011" class="citation book cs1"><a href="William_Rubinstein" title="William Rubinstein">Rubinstein, William D.</a>; Jolles, Michael A.; <a href="Hilary_L._Rubinstein" title="Hilary L. Rubinstein">Rubinstein, Hilary L.</a> (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_T_HCg17ufIC&pg=PA928"><i>The Palgrave dictionary of Anglo-Jewish history</i></a>. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 928. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-1403939104</bdi>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Telegraph-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Telegraph_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Telegraph_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Telegraph_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Telegraph_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Telegraph_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/1401476/Kenneth-Snowman.html">"Kenneth Snowman"</a>. <i>The Telegraph</i>. 16 July 2002<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 May</span> 2014</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Habsburg-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Habsburg_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">von Solodkoff, Alexander. "Tracing Fabergé treasures after 1918" in: <br><cite id="CITEREFvon_HabsburgLopato1993" class="citation book cs1">von Habsburg, Géza; Lopato, Marina (1993). <i>Fabergé: Imperial Jeweller</i>. London: <a href="Thames_%26_Hudson" title="Thames & Hudson">Thames & Hudson</a>. pp. <span class="nowrap">152–</span>159. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>0500092397</bdi>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Snowman-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Snowman_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Snowman, A. Kenneth. "Fabergé in our time" in: <br><cite id="CITEREFvon_HabsburgLopato1993" class="citation book cs1">von Habsburg, Géza; Lopato, Marina (1993). <i>Fabergé: Imperial Jeweller</i>. London: <a href="Thames_%26_Hudson" title="Thames & Hudson">Thames & Hudson</a>. pp. <span class="nowrap">17–</span>19. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>0500092397</bdi>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-JDJ-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-JDJ_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140507035132/http://www.jewelsdujour.com/directory/estate-jewelry-dealer-directory/wartski/">"Wartski"</a>. <i>Jewels du Jour</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jewelsdujour.com/directory/estate-jewelry-dealer-directory/wartski/">the original</a> on 7 May 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 May</span> 2014</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-Octopussy-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Octopussy_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFFleming" class="citation book cs1">Fleming, Ian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TcB2AwAAQBAJ&pg=PT28"><i>Octopussy and the Living Daylights</i></a>. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>9786155452635</bdi>.</cite></span>

</li>

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</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16745049#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1229" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16745049#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1229" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Authority control databases </div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000114559831">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/119098833">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJkxH336y4TPKDcvmvXrv3">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/1089889437">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79138636">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12184016m">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12184016m">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p071972250">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90257143">Norway</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/030423775">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

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